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A Brief History Of Ghana Music

By Imelda Reid


African Drum and Dance is a popular area event in many parts of the world. Many of the drummers and dancers who frequent these different events are visiting drummers from Africa. It is interesting that most of the rhythms used at these events are derived from Ghana music whether authentic musicians are present or otherwise. In some areas, there are weekend seminars and workshop related solely to Ghanian drum and dance found in Ghana and other regions of Africa.

North and South Ghana have very different musical taste. Northern traditions come from Sahelian traditions. Sahelian features a combination of melody and stringed instruments. Some common instruments in the North and South are the kologo lute and the gonjey fiddle, wind instruments, voice, drums and percussion.

Notes flow almost effortlessly thanks to the chromatic and pentatonic scales used in Northern and Southern Ghana. Chanting, praise-singing and story telling are all essential to the people and identity of these areas. Whereas, other areas are more prone to rhythmic beats surrounding by the softness of strings and at times, voice.

Melody is an essential and important aspect to song in Northern and Southern parts of the country. Praise-singing traditions and storytelling while more popular in the North also exist in all areas. Still, there is a distinct differences between the drums as a focus in one area and strings in the other.

Social functions like funerals, graduations, weddings and the like are often met with coastal style music. This style requires complex patterns be played on a variety of percussion instruments. These instruments often include bells, cowbells, drums, gourds, sticks and other percussion based instruments.

Coastal tunes can also be associated with many traditional religions. One exception to this rule is material from the Seperewa harp-lute whose origins are in the stringed harps of the North and West. The most well known drums of southern Ghanian drum traditions is that of the adowa and kete drum ensembles with bells.

It was only in 1957 that Ghana won her independence. As a result, while always popular, music in the region has gone through several changes. For the most part, the two most popular forms of music are dance pop and Highlife. A newer version of HipLife has also now become quite popular as is the case with hip-hop in other areas of the world.

High-life combines elements of soukous, ska, rock, jazz and swing. Ghanian traditions found a pathway into the United States in the late 60s and early 70s. While successful, it was not the level of success some had expected. The music also became popular albeit only briefly in the U. K. One of the main success stories of Ghanian music is that Osibisa's Afro-rock which became quite well known in the 1970s.

During the depression and years following, the clubs stayed fairly active and hopping. The popular years for electric guitar and dance-pop were mostly in the 70s. At least that is the case until German-Highlife took over with Burger-Highlife and other forms which are still popular. The Burger-Highlife, Dance Pop and German-Highlife are often some of the most influential and listened to music in and outside Ghana.




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